APA CITATION STYLE IN TEXT

APA CITATION STYLE

APA citation style refer to American Psychological Association (APA) is a set of rules that writer(s) or author(s) need to used when submitting research papers for publications in journals. The purposes of this rules developed to assist reading comprehension for clarity of communication and to move the idea forward with minimum of distraction and a maximum of precision. 

REFERENCE CITATIONS IN TEXT

In APA style, in-text citations are placed within sentences and paragraphs so that it is clear what information is being quoted or paraphrased and whose information is being cited.

Examples: Works by a single author
The last name of the author and the year of publication are inserted in the text at the appropriate point.

     .........from theory on bounded rationality (Simon, 1945).......

If the name of the author or the date appear as part of the narrative, cite only missing information in parentheses.

     Simon (1945) posited that......

Examples: Works by multiple authors
When a work has two authors, always cite both names every time the reference occurs in the text. In parenthetical material join the names with an ampersand (&).

     ........as has been shown (Leiter & Maslach, 1998)........
In the narrative text, join the names with the word "and."

     ........as Leiter and Maslach (1998) demonstrated........
When a work has three, four, or five authors, cite all authors the first time the reference occurs.

     Kahneman, Knetsch, and Thaler (1991) found........

In all subsequent citations per paragraph, include only the surname of the first author followed by "et al." (Latin for "and others") and the year of publication.

     Kahneman et al. (1991) found.........

Examples: Works by associations, corporations, government agencies, etc.

The names of groups that serve as authors (corporate authors) are usually written out each time they appear in a text reference.

     (National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2007)

When appropriate, the names of some corporate authors are spelled out in the first reference and abbreviated in all subsequent citations. The general rule for abbreviating in this manner is to supply enough information in the text citation for a reader to locate its source in the Reference List without difficulty.

     (NIMH, 2007)

For further informations and examples kindly please visit to this SOURCES and REFERENCES: LINK 1, LINK 2 and LINK 3.

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